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王映如 77185万字 42748人读过 连载
我们营地附近十五公里左右有个小码头，生活生产物资都从这运来，每周都要来码头装卸物资三次，这码头是我们跟当地人交流最多的地方，喜欢拿着相机随便拍拍，或许能拍到些值得回忆的东西。。。。码头附近散养的羊群 在路过一个村庄的小路上，发现不同的蝴蝶聚在这里，立即停车拿起相机点射。 营地附近的草丛里，经常有这样的白鸟在觅食，有时也会大胆的走进营地的空地上溜达。 这种蛙很小，据说还有毒，经常窝在植被上一动不动。 这只山羊感觉很特别 站个队形拍照了。。。 这些山羊竟然没有一只是毛色相同的 停在蚁穴上的小鸟 小蜥蜴机警的观察四周 小毒蛙静静地卧在绿叶上 不仔细观察还真不容易发现 小毒蛙的神态很安详 如果它卧在枯枝黄叶上就不容易察觉到一般人都是不敢碰它的帐篷上停了一只大蛾子一只好大的蝴蝶 在营地停车场溜达([]
最新章节： 第521章 凯美瑞 （ 2024-05-13 15:48:38）
更新时间： 2024-05-13 15:05:11
- 第1章 西甲
- 第2章 全职高手4
- 第3章 误杀
- 第4章 熊出没
- 第5章 支付宝年度账单
- 第6章 斗战狂潮4
- 第7章 越战越勇
- 第8章 喜羊羊与灰太狼
- 第9章 火箭vs掘金
- 第10章 特警队上映
- 第11章 天津女排
- 第12章 微信赞赏功能升级
- 第13章 奔跑吧兄弟
- 第14章 薛之谦
- 第15章 央视动画状告京东
- 第16章 最强狂兵
- 第17章 武林外传
- 第18章 丰田张若昀
- 第19章 第三调解室
- 第20章 男子有偿抢票获刑
- 点击查看 中间隐藏的 28736 章节
- 第549章 我的世界
- 第550章 奥尼尔
- 第551章 遇见王沥川
- 第552章 我很愉快
- 第553章 武炼巅峰2
- 第554章 鼠年生肖邮票首发
- 第555章 剑来2
- 第556章 跨年晚会大型蹦迪
- 第557章 存钱存了一半睡着
- 第558章 大力神杯
- 第559章 急速逃脱
- 第560章 舌尖上的中国
- 第561章 解放·终局营救
- 第562章 火箭直播
- 第563章 张艺兴
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- 第565章 汇源果汁或将退市
- 第566章 刺客伍六七
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- 第568章 Without Me
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潘泓旺从西藏回来一周了，不知是醉氧还是心逗留在那，时不时恍惚之间，思绪又飘到了喜马拉雅山脉的山谷里，七天所经历的一幕幕，又会浮现在眼前。古人说：山中方七日，世上已千年。好在真不是这么回事，我的亲人们、我的朋友们依然年轻、依然健康，正因为有了他（她）们的牵挂、祝福，经历了路上爆胎、车子冲下路基差点翻到沟里、车子追尾等等有惊无险的花絮后，平安归来。 有朋友说：雪山和大海是看不腻的！我同意，看着雪山或大海，的确可以发一天的呆。所以这几年来，夏天看海拍海，秋天进山拍雪峰，成了我的摄影主。今年的秋摄计划早在几个月前就确定，每个周末的爬山拉练只为这次徒步之旅，时不时担忧自己的体能、时不时担忧自己半月板已破碎的膝关节如何能应付这高海拔的连续徒步之旅，但我知道一点，现在不去，以后可能身体真的去不了了，抱着即使膝关节再伤害得重一点也要走一趟的决心，踏上了这趟旅程。 感谢这次同行的三位朋友：亚克西、言语、和曦，从订机票、联系住宿、租车、租牦牛、徒步之中的食、住。。。无一不为这趟之旅付出了辛勤的汗水。七天徒步行程：第一天：曲当乡--优帕村--晓乌措第二天：晓乌措--卓湘第三天：卓湘--热嘎第四天：热嘎--白当第五天：白当--热嘎第六天：热嘎--错学仁玛第七天：错学仁玛--伦珠林村--优帕村 珠峰东坡，在国内并不算特别有名气的徒步线路，但在国外驴友界却名声显赫。珠峰东坡和嘎玛沟在上世纪被美国和英国探险家赞誉为 “世界十大景观”之一、“世界上最美丽的山谷”、“世界十大经典徒步线路之一”。因其整个徒步线在珠峰自然保护区内，风景非震震撼，珍稀野生动植物繁多，同时可以欣赏到珠峰（世界第一）、洛子峰（世界第四）、马卡鲁峰（世界第五）。 此地区的特点主要是海拔高（平均海拔在4000m以上），雪山融水形成湖泊众多，天气好时能近距离欣赏雪山的震撼之美。线路上人迹罕至，生态原始，水源丰富，珍稀动植物时有所见，星星点点的高山湖泊如宝石般散布，加之嘎玛沟沟谷幽深，景色非常之迷人。 我们的徒步之旅，前几天是令人非常沮丧的，云雾太重，象第四天的行程，路上都没拍过一张，而带去的五块相机电池，最后剩下三块都没有用，因为每天吃过晚饭就开始下雨下雪，曝高原星空的愿望一直没能达成，但上天和神山还算关照，把好天气留在了最后两天，把大家最为看重的雪山倒影完美展现出来，所以总的来说，这一趟还算不虚此行。卓湘营地的早晨汤湘观景台白当营地看珠穆朗卓峰 晨拍珠穆隆索峰、洛子峰、珠峰 (从左至右）日出前天空泛起玫瑰红日照三峰晶莹剔透钻石山冰雪霜遥相呼应徒步七天感想良多，无奈怕打字，就不必矫情感概！下面按时间顺序用图片做个流水帐。俺一直建议进藏的航班选择个靠窗的位置，有机会航拍到雪山就赚到！可惜俺的航班太晚，再加上航班延误半个小时，只能抓住夕阳的一点尾巴拉萨－－日喀则－－曲当乡2.青稞熟了拉萨－－日喀则－－曲当乡3.不是新都桥，也有红草地拉萨－－日喀则－－曲当乡4.拉萨－－日喀则－－曲当乡5几米阳光？拉萨－－日喀则－－曲当乡6.拉萨－－日喀则－－曲当乡7.第二天就中秋节，好多年没在外面过了！本想从深圳带两个月饼过节吃也好，做路餐吃也好，但想到月饼易碎衣压遂放弃。没想到中秋这天，在曲丹乡转了半天也没找到月饼卖，好在和我们同行程的另一个安徽团的驴友带了几个月饼，中秋之夜和他们聊天之际吃了一点，表示过了这节，安徽团友如果看到此贴，俺再次表示感谢！拉萨－－日喀则－－曲当乡8.久乌拉垭口，世界上最好的雪山观景台，全球14座八千米以上的五座雪山尽收眼底，珠峰右边是卓奥友峰、希夏邦马峰、珠峰的左边是洛子峰、马卡鲁峰拉萨－－日喀则－－曲当乡9.珠峰巨大的金字塔山体矗立在蓝天下 拉萨－－日喀则－－曲当乡10卓奥友峰美轮美奂拉萨－－日喀则－－曲当乡11.此情此景忍不住和神山合影一张多谢各位朋友的支持、鼓励、欣赏，由于时间关系我就不一一回复了！第一天徒步路线：曲当乡(海拔3700m)——优帕村——晓乌错（4700米）上升900米 这是让我崩溃的一天，背着单反一机三头，三脚架，路餐，保暖衣服，1公斤的饮用水，整个背包合计28斤左右，然后从曲当乡开始徒步（很多队伍是从曲当乡坐车到优帕村开始徒步的，这样可以少走八九公里），翻不完的垭口，永远不够吸的高原稀薄空气中的氧气，1公斤的饮用人还剩1/3的路程就喝光，累、渴，每翻过一个垭口就希望能看到营地点，在无数次的失望之后，在麻木地拖动着疲惫的脚步往前的时候，终于走到了晓无措营地，时间已经快来到下午六点，乌云满天，晚霞没戏，疲惫、反胃，一头钻进帐篷睡去，直到同伴煮好面条喊起来随便吃点。躺在帐篷一瞬间，突然萌发了明天下山吧！我这体力可能撑不完全程，但又想可能今天背负不当，背的东西太多，饮用水太少，还有不该从曲当乡开始徒步，浪费了时间和体力。。。不想那么多了，明早起来再看身体条件再定，帐篷外飞起毛毛细雨，沉沉睡去，夜间又醒来无数次，高海拔地方始终睡得不踏实。12曲当乡——晓乌错13背了一天的三脚架，就路上按了两张流水慢门曲当乡——晓乌错14 第二天徒步行程：晓乌错（4700米）——-小乌拉（4900米）——卓湘（4000米） 第二天早上起来，觉得身体状况不错，又有信心接着往下走，可惜出帐篷一看，雪山呢？以前看过驴友们在晓乌错拍的雪山全都在云里雾里，比较沮丧，既然没啥好拍的，晓乌措也没啥好留恋的了，收拾东西走人。鉴于第一天负重过多，累得半死，毫不犹豫地把两个镜头、三脚架、头灯等全装到驮包内，让牦牛去驮吧，路餐也减了一半，顿时觉得包轻了不少，出发吧！15.别人拍的晓无措有雪山，可惜俺的眼里只有云和雾了晓乌错－－卓湘16.远处的湖就是晓乌措，第一天的营地就扎在湖边晓乌错－－卓湘17.歇会儿吧！晓乌错－－卓湘18.左边还有个更大的海子晓乌错－－卓湘19.小乌拉山口，马卡鲁雪山露了半个脸，好像在鼓励我们继续往前晓乌错－－卓湘20.我们满怀信心，相信一定会云开雾散，雪山会和我们坦诚相见晓乌错－－卓湘21.可惜高原气候多变，越走雾越大，别说拍雪山，连前行的路都快看不清了，收起相机专心赶路，时间过了两天没拍到一张满意的照片，雪山也才露了半个脸，急，真让人急！在下了很多很多坡后，在下坡时脚趾被鞋子挤得隐隐作痛时，终于看到卓湘营地。晓乌错－－卓湘22.安营扎寨，烧火做饭。由于第一天在晓无错到营地就倒下，今天状态不错，所以东转转西逛逛，好奇牦牛工带了啥吃的，藏耙、青稞、酥油茶、藏酒，不得不承认他们自己酿的藏酒很不错，后来几天，我们开始讨，后来用食品换，饱了几次口福。晓乌错－－卓湘23..有时世界真的很小，在茫茫的喜马拉雅山脉中，在同一个营地碰到来自深圳的走陈家塘的队伍，而我们的同伴和他们的队员居然是相识好久的老友，大家言谈甚欢，当晚在篝火旁，在他们年轻活泼的藏族小伙向导的带领下，大家又唱又跳，玩得很HIGH。第三天徒步行程：卓湘（4000米）－－汤湘（4500）－－热嘎（4200米）这天的徒步行程终点原计划到汤湘营地的，但昨晚走陈塘沟的队伍建议我们多走一个多小时到热嘎安营扎寨，因为汤湘营地取水又远又困难，我们关心的是哪个营地漂亮的？后来徒步到汤湘，才发现的确取水很困难，所以又接着徒步到热嘎，没想到热嘎也很漂亮。24.由于前晚玩得很HIGH，加上营地海拔较低，睡得都很踏实，第二天醒来一看天都亮了！卓湘－－热嘎25.扭头一看，西边的雪山露出来了，马上穿衣，扛起三角架，跑到小溪边，场景很梦幻哦！([]
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韩以桦《门头沟山区建设的缩影 马致远心中牵绊的家园》 11月3日星期日，天气晴好，由刘戈戈组织的北京西山的石古岩--石窟崖--道须村--马致远故居--东马各庄--石古岩的穿越活动如期举行。不到八点，地铁苹果园站前就来了不少人。今天是公交出行，考虑到人多不好坐车，先到的人先行乘929公交车到韭园出发点集合。前后四趟车人员才等齐，我看了一下，估计有百人左右，合影后开始登山。 韭园属门头沟王平镇，坐落在西山脚下，旁边就是有名的京西古道。元、明以来，京城百万人家，皆以煤炭为薪。加之这里出产石材，琉璃的烧制更是闻名京城，于是，拉煤运货的驼马成群结队，日复一日、年复一年地在山路石道上来来回回。久而久之便形成了京城到西部山区，再远至内蒙古、山西地商旅道路。道路多而且长，这些古道主要有商运道、军用道、香道，它们互通有无。其中商用道的历史遗迹最多，过了几百年历史，它们虽显出来残败的颓相，风情古韵犹在。 我们此次穿越，就是在韭园附近的山上兜了一圈，走了一个Q字。先是走过石窟崖的摩崖石刻，沿小道进山，再沿谷底前行。在大家相互帮助下，顺利通过了两处难爬的路段--两个小断壁，翻过几个山岭后到了道须村。这个道须村原来住着几十户人家，随着农村发展建设，村落逐渐荒废了。由于房屋残旧，地处山里，交通水电都不方便，经过规划，人们都迁移到山脚下的聚居区，这里就变成了一个废村。前几年还能够看到一两户人家，刘戈戈还组织过人员给一户残疾人家送过粮油等食品，现在已是空无一人了。 我们在道须村吃过路餐，继续上路，下面基本是顺着防火道向东下撤。现在正在开工建设的防火道，和以前比，平坦了许多，一直蜿蜒向上，延伸在山的尽头。路上，见到沉甸甸的大柿子，在枝头高高的挂着，黄橙橙的很是诱人。因为太高了，村里身形矫健的青壮劳力都到外面打工了，剩下的人没人够得着，每年都便宜了麻雀，所以，低矮地方的柿子摘了以后就没人管了。我们路过时捡了一个尝了尝，因为没有进行人工漤过，还是有点涩，吃完了舌头都有点不听使唤。过了柿子树林，又盘了一段防火道，就到了马致远的故居。马致远的故居是在原来的基础上，由村民集资翻建的，四周是按照马致远的诗意改造的。说到这，又想起来他的《天净沙̶6; 秋思》：枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。这个寓情于景的小令，不仅诗情画意般的描绘了京西的山水，住家，还透露了诗人怀才不遇的悲凉情怀，表现了漂泊天涯的旅人的愁思。同情归同情，时代不同了，情怀自不一样。走在回家的路上，回味着秋思的意境，如果马致远知道今天的变化，也会感到欣慰的。我们在路上，饱览着祖国的山川锦绣，度过了快乐的一天。 枝头摇晃满悠哉， 半宿秋寒染硝白， 盖柿金黄难诱惑， 谁知一口涩双腮。 逍遥楼主 外国驴友 领队答案 老妖 九九方略 领队一哥 调调 逍遥三千 瞌睡 阿超 薰风入炫 老五 ([]
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吴怡昌这次旅行，始于冲动。喜欢一个男生。明知不成。但依旧在末日挣扎一下。被拒绝。理所应当。但，心里一下子还是接受不了。可能。其实，也没多喜欢。此时。喜欢的男生给我介绍一个女孩子，说想去东北玩。心情不好。正想出门。一拍即合。当场出票。24号到哈尔滨。孤单，一群人的狂欢。我想。和陌生的人。也许，会忘记不开心。可怜的是，第二天那个女孩又不想去了。可是我已经出票。我是一个不愿意改变计划的人。既然已经决定，一个人也要出发。喜欢的男生还劝我。不要去了。一个人没意思。又冷。可是我真的很想知道，在零下四十度的时候。哭出来的眼泪，会不会结冰。背上背包。出发。哈尔滨住在七天中央大街店。交通比较方便。逛中央大街和索菲亚教堂都很方便。推荐。当天吃了七天楼下的碳火火锅。挺便宜的。还有特色。上个图因为坐火车再加上在哈站折腾的。就没逛夜晚的中央大街回去睡觉。第二天早上睡到自然醒。大概十一点多起。哈哈。好吧。我很贪睡的。第二天中午吃了俄罗斯餐。好吧。真的很难吃。又贵。逛街逛的好冻啊。进商场暖暖。贴上暖宝。我一般都用在脚上。个人觉得非常有用。睫毛上都是冰啊。。哈尔滨街拍原谅我没做功课。索菲亚教堂原来是博物馆啊。二十块。门票。教堂教堂内部天有一点点黑了哈尔滨街拍开始了。乱拍。哈哈。好吧。一定要来吃冰棍。记得买二块的。最好吃。。。闲逛结束。晚八点的火车去漠河。20个小时。硬座。这是我有始以来第二长的硬座。上次是坐着火车去拉萨。真的坐。。哈哈。大概六点半从酒店出发的。因为怕打不到车啊。这次还好，运气不错。刚刚酒店出来不久就有一个司机愿意拉我。因为他刚刚从火车站过去。知道那不堵车。可能司机人好。一路又捡了两个也是火车站的。这样他一次就挣三份钱。哈哈。好人好报。来了哈站。我真的想骂。省会车站。我只能用脏乱差来形容。四个候车室又弄的很乱。来张图吧相比较而言。哈西站真的很干净漂亮。这是后话了。但是从哈站到哈西站。好远啊。公交要一个小时。。人还特多。PS。。有11路和96路直达。96路更快20个小时硬座开始。。出发就晚点十几分钟。说实话。我真的不太理解。始发站就晚点。还好。车上人不是特别多。身边坐的人又很好聊。其实聊聊天。时间很快过。我又是这么超喜欢说的人。哈哈跟大家分享经历。车到了嫩江。人明显变少。我可以一个人躺在在硬座当卧铺睡了。但是睡了一会儿发现真的好冷啊。就不敢睡了。一直到天亮。其实。真的没怎么睡。一直在聊天。发呆中渡过。过了塔河。我开始兴奋了。我离漠河越来越近了。。哈哈。晚点十分钟到达漠河。一路上陪伴我的赵师傅准时接我。赵师傅人真的超好。如果有需要可以M我。我可以提供电话。因为冬季不旺。我又是元旦之前到。包车是1000。包括三天的住宿。当然如果四个人的话。非常划算。但是。我是一个人。哈哈。没有约到伴。师傅给我送到一个叫佳家商务快捷酒店。。。话说。按家庭酒店的准。非常不错了。很干净。房间还算大。地热。很暖。据路上碰到的朋友说，自己定的话是150一天。双。很可惜。忘记拍照了。他家全都是自己家人在做。很用心。早餐很丰富。还免费。。我以为只有在星级酒店才吃的到免费早餐。哈哈。在漠河的第一天晚上。吃了一顿正宗的东北菜。春饼。东北大骨头。很好吃的。吃饱喝足，夜游徒步了一下漠河县城，人好少啊。除了偶尔见几个游客。基本没什么人。可能是太冷了。。哈哈。上点PP吧。赵师傅约了我第二天早上八点出发。他说我们要住在北红村。路上有点远。所以早点出发。家庭旅馆的早餐七点半开始。没到八点师傅就来接我了。师傅告诉我，今天一路上没有吃午餐的地方，让我自备一些干粮当午餐。我给师傅买了一些。他说什么也不要。真是客气。清晨的漠河县城在车上看到的日出。太阳真心美。第一天就是个好天气。我的心情也多少阳光了点。一个人的时光。寒冷和温暖。著名的九曲十八弯。相机很差。拍不出好的片子。如果想看美图，只能自己百度了。我的相机真的无能为力了。怎么也拍不到全幅。哎。看来真的得更新设备了。而我又没钱。这才是最悲哀的。门票二十。上一个观景台。一下车就有人才收钱。没发票没票。就是二十块一位才让上去。个人真心觉得，这是圈地收费。远处的烟火。真的让我感受。说不明白的。这张是我极喜欢的PP。就像我的倒影。孤单的石头。正如孤单的我。一路行车大概快二个小时。终于到达中国地理意义上的最北点。乌苏里浅滩。原谅我功课没怎么做。一路上的知识都是可爱的赵师傅普及给我的。哈哈。师傅说北极村的不是真正的最北点。而是乌苏里江江心为界。上图吧。好美的。就是风真的好大。冷。冻的我想哭。师傅说。手机可以定位的话。这个地方可以定位到的俄罗斯了。可是我的手机不给力啊。定不到。哈哈。乌苏里江，我的倒影。([]
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颜幸志早已不记得上一次写游记是何时了，因为懒因为没有文字功底因为麻烦因为一切。。。这次出发之前就决定了无论如何要写，多年后以便翻看。我不会华丽的润色，只有直白的叙事，图片也是原图，未加修饰，所以各位就凑合着看吧。 一年里，假期，是我日夜期盼的日子。用一段短暂自由的时光进行一次异地或是异域的旅行，到陌生的环境去体验新的生活，经历更多以认识更好的自己。崔健在“假行僧”里说，“我要从南走到北，我还要从白走到黑，我要人们看到我但不知道我是谁”。今年继续西行，再次进藏，旨在阿里。阿里转山，说实话，我对自己很没把握，体力和意志早已被长期的城市生活消磨殆尽，可是我，想去。拜此次出行所赐，结识了一帮损友，茉莉和无泪费心做好了路书，我们明目张胆的享受，嘻嘻。。。初见时的拘束，离别时的拥抱和泪水，伴随着欢笑和喜悦，真实的风景真实的自己和他人，只有经历过才能成为回忆。远游异乡，一路上吃过糌粑，啃过羊肉，饮过酥油茶，穿过荒凉藏北，曾在冈仁波齐经历恶劣的气候，也曾触摸过古格历史的沧桑。八千里路云和月，我们一起看过美丽的风景，流连于每一个美妙的措畔，迷失在路上短暂的光阴里。旅行的美妙，不在于我们去到了哪些名胜古迹，而是能有一段飘泊的时间，随心所欲的到处走走，无所事事的发呆，或是在小巷子里迷路，看看当地居民为什么事而幸福快乐，让我们从一个自己呆腻了的地方，到一个别人呆腻了的地方，离开熟悉的环境去探索陌生的风景。西藏，是一个梦，我们既是逐梦人，也是造梦者。带着新鲜的记忆，且让我用普通的相机和笨拙的手法，粗糙但真实的记录下其中的一些片段，让朋友们透过我的眼睛看我看过的风景，也为了我忘却的纪念。 和伙伴们约好了7月12日拉萨出发，至于怎么到拉萨，大家就各显神通了，我早了几天到拉萨，混迹拉萨街头，因为之前就到过西藏，所以这几天过得格外颓废，不是在茶馆里喝甜茶，就是在书店里懒散的写下几张明信片或是早起跟着人潮涌动的转经队伍围着布达拉宫转动经筒，多少个晨昏，我坐在大昭寺门前的台阶上，看着那些虔诚的身影，聆听他们的身体和大地碰撞的声音 拉萨之于藏民来说就如同麦加之于伊斯兰教一样，是朝圣者们的终极目的地。拉萨那作为圣城的浓重的宗教气息，朝圣者们围着布达拉宫围着大昭寺转经，磕着数量惊人的长头，经年累月，寒暑往来，虔诚不改。大昭寺门前的青石板经无数人的匍匐，早已被磨得光滑。而那些来自青海云南四川的虔诚信徒们，他们带上家里的所有来到这里，穷尽毕生所有奉献给菩萨，以求得到来世的解脱和幸福。拉萨就是这么一座奇怪的城市，至今依然如此奇怪，世俗与神圣搅在一起，美丽与丑陋搅在一起，你只有无数的新奇与诧异，它有时会让你喘不过气来，有时又会让你屏住呼吸。 7月9日，西藏博物馆，如同内地的其他博物馆一样，馆内一样收藏了许多的石器和陶瓷制品，关于这些我就不再详加赘述，这里是西藏，我就捡些和西藏有关的说说好了。这颗金印是康熙五十二年时册封五世达赖罗桑益西为“臣额尔德尼”时所赐之金印。五世达赖对于当时的政局稳定起到了很大的作用，他坚持和睦团结，，人们都称他为“伟大的五世”。早在很久之前，藏传佛教就随着当时吐蕃的军事，政治的极大扩张而兴盛起来了，吐蕃的赞普让家中的长子出家为僧以示对佛教的尊崇，更让佛教徒参与政事，以至于之后西藏形成了政教合一的政治格局，这才有了六世达赖仓央嘉措的悲剧。那个被政治牺牲的年轻的生命和他那小心翼翼的无处安放的爱情。贝叶经，原产于印度，巴基斯坦，克什米尔等地，是用金汁或是银汁书写在一种叫作贝加罗树叶上的珍贵的佛教经典。由于战争，许多的经书都遭到了毁坏，而西藏由于兴佛而引进了很多的佛教经典，当然也包括了贝叶经，因此避过战乱而得以保存。所以现在是贝叶经保存最多的地方，贝叶经存于西藏的布达拉宫，博物馆和哲蚌寺。这个面具是跳藏戏时所佩戴的格萨尔王面具。<格萨尔王传>;是一部藏族长篇英雄史诗，藏族的民间文学巨著。它讲述了格萨尔王一生为藏民降妖伏魔，除暴安良，南征北战，统一了各个部落，大到老人小到孩童多少都知道一些格萨尔王的故事，现在在那曲的一些茶馆里仍然还有着民间艺人们在唱着格萨尔史诗，每一个艺人们所知道的有关格萨尔的故事都不一样，每一个老人们也都有自己喜欢的说唱艺人。 唐卡，意为可移动的佛像，藏族人民对佛教的尊崇是我们无法想象的，由于早期游牧民族的特殊性，他们不可能守着一片草地从春吃到冬，当草场没草时他们就会拆下帐篷，赶着牛羊去寻找下一块水草丰美的住所，周而复始，这样就导致了他们不可能每到一个地方就建一座寺庙来崇拜，于是他们就把佛像画在了布上，这样当他们迁徙时就可以把佛像卷起来带走，这样无论走到哪里都不会影响藏民的礼佛。唐卡上的颜色来自于各种珍贵的宝石，蓝色的蓝松石，绿色的绿松石，黄色的黄金，白色的珍珠，也正是因为这些名贵的石头，再加上制作唐卡时的繁复与费时，所以唐卡的价格是昂贵的。画匠们将那些名贵的石头磨成细细的粉末，再加上牛胆等物质，按照一定的配比配制而成，永不褪色。通常唐卡的绘制，画匠们将画板的顶端牵一根绳悬挂于屋顶，自己则盘腿坐在低矮的凳子上，画板的下沿搁在自己盘起的双腿上，画底稿，一层一层的着色，勾线，最后点上佛的眼睛，画匠们说，最初师傅会自己亲自给佛像点上眼睛，只有当徒弟们的技法十分纯熟了，师傅才会放心让徒弟们独自完成最后的步骤。今晚记流水账。。。7月9日，10日，11日伙伴们的陆续抵达，我结束了独自游荡的日子，这几天我们在拉萨的街头厮混中彼此熟悉，从网络的想象到生活的真实。相约清晨去药王山拍布达拉宫的日出，清早的西藏寒冷异常，风呼呼的吹，到得太早，药王山的小门要到7点才开，我们几个徘徊在山脚下，找寻着避风的所在，徒劳无功。开门的人姗姗来迟，赶紧爬上去各自占据了有利地形，又在寒风中等待。。。唉，这个早上算是白来了，没有日出，只有寒风，冷。我放弃了，下到门口收钱的师傅的小房子里避风，门口的师傅很乐意我帮他看看大门，嘻嘻。。。半小时后，伙伴们也放弃了，找了一茶馆，吃一顿藏式的早餐，酥油茶加藏面，说实话，藏面真是有够难吃的，面条很粗，由于高原气压的缘故，面条很难被煮透煮软，咬起来有点硬，面汤倒是很不错呢，好喝。早餐之后，秋，无泪和我去布宫帮别的队友排队拿布达拉宫的预约券，上布达拉宫需要提前一天拿身份证到布宫的侧门领取预约券，第二天再凭着预约券上预约的时间到布宫参观。娃娃和开水则回去与球会合办理尼泊尔的证，各自行动。感谢无泪下午陪我去办理那麻烦的边防证日出前的布宫，漆黑一片，达赖不在，到底谁在里边住呢？住在这里该是多少喇嘛的愿望啊？好奇啊，实在是好奇难吃的藏面，好喝的面汤，还行的酥油茶今晚记流水账。。。7月9日，10日11日伙伴们陆续抵达，我结束独自游荡的日子，这几天我们在拉萨的街头厮混中彼此熟悉，从网络的想象到生活的真实。10日，相约去拍药王山的日出，清晨的西藏寒冷异常，风呼呼的吹，药王山的小门要到7点才开，到得太早，我们徘徊在山脚下，找寻避风的所在，徒劳无功。开门的人终于姗姗来迟，赶紧爬上去，各自占据有利地形，摆开架势，之后又是无尽的等待。唉，这天算是白来了，没有日出，只有寒风，冷。我放弃了，下到山下的买票小屋去避风，顺便再帮看门的师傅收收门票，嘻嘻。。。半小时后，伙伴们也放弃了，寻一茶馆，吃一顿藏式的早餐，酥油茶加藏面。说实话，那藏面真是有够难吃的，面条很粗，由于高原气压的缘故，面条很难被煮透煮软，咬起来有点硬硬的，面条不咋地，面汤倒还不错，好喝。早餐之后，秋，无泪和我去布宫排队帮队友拿布宫的预约券，上布宫需要提前一天拿身份证到布宫的侧门领取预约券，第二天再凭预约券到布宫购票参观。娃娃和开水则回去和球会合去办理尼泊尔的证，各自行动。感谢无泪下午陪我去办理边防证没有日出的日出前的布宫，漆黑一片。达赖不在，是谁住在里面呢？住在这里该是多少喇嘛的愿望啊？好奇啊，实在是好奇！！难吃的藏面，好喝的面汤，还行的酥油茶12日要开始阿里之行了，我是否该先把我们的线路报告一下呢？此次的线路是茉莉姐姐和无泪费尽心思做出来的，茉莉姐姐和无泪弄好一切琐碎，我们只管享受，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻…… 那我就先把路书贴出来好了，此次反走阿里，纳木错进，日喀则出，很特别呢DAY1：拉萨——纳木措——班戈DAY2：班戈——尼玛DAY3：尼玛——文布北村——文布南村DAY4：文布南村——措勤DAY5：措勤——帕江——仁多DAY6：仁多——亚热——普兰DAY7：普兰——塔钦，转山第一天DAY8：转山第二天DAY9：塔钦——扎达DAY10：扎达——仲巴——萨嘎DAY11：萨嘎——吉隆DAY12：吉隆——老定日DAY13：老定日——珠峰DAY14：珠峰——日喀则DAY15：日喀则——拉萨第二天我们本来定的是到文布南村的，后来因为我们在辽阔的草原里迷路了，天色又太晚，我们只好又返回到中午路过的县城尼玛，双湖的行程也因路况不妙而遗憾的放弃了。西行阿里，走在朝圣的路上，不安，兴奋与紧张，许多的地方仍是无人区，既无公路也无食宿，人类的足迹尚未踏足这片土地。那是生命的禁区，它拒绝了人类生命的呈现。可是，野生动物却是阿里草原上最为自由的精灵，它们肆意的奔跑在草原上，与风与云与草做伴。阿里恶劣的气候，清贫的生活，却因信仰的强大力量而丰富，人们虔诚的转山，令人动容。当然还有那一路上的各种措，纳木措，色林措，扎日南木措，当惹雍错，玛旁雍错。。。都是阿里的措，我们只能一措再措，将措就措。阿里的山，阿里的云，阿里的风，阿里的阿里，就让山林原野收留我们的梦想，带我们去远方。7月12日出发喽！一行11人，3辆车。在去往班戈的路上，路过一个小村子，当地的村民正在过一个叫”望果节“的节日，据我们的藏族师傅说，这个节日没有固定的日子，是根据青稞的成熟时间来定的，在青稞成熟之前，人们用这种方式以祈求粮食的丰收。纳木措是我们遇到的第一个措，兴奋自是无需言表。纳木措与羊卓雍错，玛旁雍错并称为西藏的三大圣湖。纳木措湖面海拨4800米，湖水清澈，它的形成和发育受地质构造控制，是经由喜马拉雅凹陷而成，现今湖水仍在不断的退缩，至今湖周围留有曾经的古湖岸线。下车就是一通狂拍，快门咔咔的响。因为反走阿里，我们来到的不是通常游客去的那一片湖畔，那里满满的全是游人，人头攒动，满满的全是商业。这一片湖畔，除了我们，没有别人。大家在湖边拗着各种造型，跳跃的，武打的，文艺的。。。总之就是怎么疯狂怎么来 自拍是必须滴，拗造型也是要滴 7月13日，班戈——尼玛 今天我们真正的进入藏北草原，都知道阿里的野生动物多，可真正看到时还是难掩激动！在电视上书籍上听到很多关于藏羚羊的话语，可那都很遥远，初见在原野上悠闲吃草的藏羚羊，哇！那个激动啊！嘴里叫着“师傅师傅，快停车快停车！”一边急急的摇下车窗，拿起相机就拍，可那精灵也实在警觉，我们还在远远的，它就已经被吓跑了藏北高原，荒无人烟，平均海拔都在5000以上，严酷的环境，恶劣的气候，是人类生命的禁区，却是野生动物们的天堂。因为这些可爱的生灵，阿里不是寂静无声的荒原，它充满了生命的律动。曾见识过新疆大地无边无尽的荒野戈壁，那个无助让人绝望，满眼尽是黄色的沙，没有水没有草，天上没有飞鸟，地上没有走兽，怎么远望，看到的都和脚下的一样，茫茫一片。与新疆的茫茫戈壁不同，阿里的天地是那样的宽广，生命是那样的鲜活。藏野驴，藏羚羊，野牦牛，旱獭，野兔。。。在无尽的草原，艰难的生存者，每一个渺小的生命都充满了生的渴望。这也许就是阿里的美之所在吧！ 有一个措，是色林措吗？还是措愕？？不知道，就连我们的藏族师傅都吃不准，不管了，反正是阿里的措 往阿里没有路，因为处处都是路，只要你愿意，车怎么开都行。所谓的路，不过是车轮在石头上压出的印痕而已。一路上，这样的情景不断的被重复，仿佛你真的在天堂，又似乎踏上了火星远处倾盆大雨，我们这儿却是阳光普照 措措措，今天的第二个措，唉，还是不知道名字 午餐喽，阿里，别说是餐厅了，能看到人就不错了，通常我们在茫茫草原上走一天都看不到人，这为我们接下来的迷路带来了大麻烦。出发之前，超市的大采购，就是我们每天的午餐厨房，要什么有什么，要什么没什么;P 没有餐厅，满草原随便坐，包场用餐。席地而坐，胡乱的吃，开心的说笑，糌粑配咸菜也一样美味 荒凉，只有云团在飞 白天方便来方便去，晚上我们可就不方便喽。完蛋了，迷路啦！！！！！原定今天的目的地是要到达文布南村的，120公里的路程，出发之前，师傅说4,5个小时能到了。到了天黑，居然还没看到哪怕一点点的村庄的影子。要知道，西藏的天可是要到晚上10点才会黑呢！不得不承认，我们迷路了，这回真的成了原野上的藏野驴了，迷失在旷野里。藏北高原，荒无人烟，由于没有路，也最易迷失方向，无边无际的无人区，若是走不出去，危险是显然的。想问路，对不起，不行。在这里，即便是你懂十种语言也无济于事，根本就没人让你问，城市里万能的手机也早就在进入草原后变成了一堆废铁。虽然我们带着食物和睡袋，可阿里夜晚的危险和寒冷是我们无法想象的。通过和师傅们协商，我们决定回到中午路过的一个叫尼玛的小县城。 夕阳下坠到了地平线之下，大地即将沉入黑暗，而我们还将被这片黑暗包围。天空上演着晚霞变幻莫测的剧目，时间因这昼夜的交替，每一秒都让人感动 远处的地平线下，放射出一片神秘的光，让人百思不得其解，阿里之美，只这一刻，足以打动。([]
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林俊宏要不要看比萨欧洲50天，总花费18000人民币的故事？！ 又是一年一度的比萨出走日，9月1日下的飞机，历经12国50天的欧洲之旅圆满结束。本来想在沉淀沉淀再来发帖，不过发现这次的照片实在是太多了，还是赶紧放上来，早点和大家分享，不然不知道要更新到什么时候。不过看过比萨以前帖子的人都知道，比萨的“坑”品有保障，更新虽慢，但绝不会虎头蛇尾。 熟悉比萨风格的都知道比萨的片子绝不是风景大片，而是走进生活，让你更加深入的了解各国的风土人情。欧洲是全世界的青年都想要去的地方，那里自由、平等、和谐，人们的生活节奏是如此的慢，人与人之间的交往是如此的简单，人们的言行是如此的自由，比萨的沙发之旅会带你走进他们的家庭，去看一看欧洲人是怎样生活的，他们的生活习惯和我们又有哪些不同。 这次12国50天的行程确实有些赶，比萨不是在车上，就是在行走的路上。听了拉脱维亚沙发主的建议，整个欧洲之旅几乎都是大巴，只有一次逼不得已搭了一次车，结果夜宿加油站，但却结识了忘年交——一个意大利老头；只有一次搭飞机，还多交了10欧的check in费（不做功课的下场）；只有一次被臭虫咬的经历，你现在还确定欧洲很干净吗？当比萨在佛罗伦萨喝着啤酒抽着大麻时，房祖名在自己的家中因吸食大麻被逮捕（大麻啊，比烟叶劲大的一种草，竟被说成吸毒，那吸烟也会上瘾，为什么不说是吸毒？）；当比萨在巴塞罗那的海滩裸晒时，国内的妹妹还朝着白富美奋力靠近；当比萨飞回北京在飞机上想看看北京的时候，只看到一片灰霾，直到感觉飞机落地，才看到地面，多可悲的空气质量。估计大家有很多关于欧洲的问问比萨1、问：欧洲真的很干净吗？答：空气很干净，地面不干净，到处都是烟头，大家抽完烟喜欢随手扔地上。2、问：欧洲人都喷香水吗？ 答：当然不是。经常走在路上一阵劲风扑面，能噎死比萨。3、问：欧洲人真的是白天洗澡吗？ 答：是的，早上必须洗，不然会熏死人的。4、问：欧洲人的家都是非常大吗？ 答：不全是。大城市的房价很贵，住小公寓、合租公寓的比比皆是。5、问：欧洲真的是红灯停绿灯行吗？ 答：不是的。欧洲车少人少，有时候红灯的时候路上没有车，大家就不会站在那里等红灯。但是即使行人闯红灯，汽车也会在离行人至少5米时停下，让行人先过。6、问：欧洲的公共厕所是都有卫生纸吗？ 答：是的。除了那些移动公厕，所有的厕所都有卫生纸。而且欧洲人不用纸篓，家家户户的厕所里也没有纸篓，直接扔马桶里冲走。……….还是和以前一样，惫懒的比萨还是没有做攻略，买了机票就飞了，走一站联系下一站的沙发主，这一路就靠他们了，哪里有好吃的哪里有好玩的，怎会逃的了他们的手心。所以如果有景点我介绍错误，请大家及时指正。首先介绍一下这次旅行的12个国家，按照先后顺序：俄罗斯、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、、德国、荷兰、比利时、捷克、奥地利、意大利、西班牙、法国。其次我想大家最关心的是证问吧。跟大家介绍一下，我这次办了两个证，一个是俄罗斯证（淘宝上办的，只需要提供护照和照片），另一个是申根证。这里重点说一下申根证：1、我的是荷兰，因为手续最简单，出时间最短，拒率最低。2、我是自己递的，全部资料都是自己准备，证要求什么就提供什么，不要求的也不需要提供。3、申根证最需要注意的就是行程单和住宿预订。我的行程单是用穷游助手编辑的，住宿预订是在booking上预订，证拿到手后就全部取消了。机票：全程只飞了三次，分别是北京——莫斯科、都灵——巴塞罗那、巴黎——北京。总费用大概6400左右。都是提前2-3天买的机票，因为这次没有行程计划，走一步算一步所以没有提前买机票。住宿：比萨50天只住了4天的旅店，其他全部是沙发冲浪，所以住宿费用也就1000元人民币左右。交通：除了荷兰——比利时，整个意大利是火车，都灵——巴塞罗那是飞机，其余全部是大巴，大巴是欧洲最经济安全的交通工具了。之后我会在各国的游记中给大家介绍几个欧洲不错的廉价大巴。不要以为廉价就不好，所有的大巴都有卫生间，免费WIFI。现金：只带了400美金（只花了100美金），一张华夏银行卡，欧洲银联识的ATM还是很多的，随花随取更安全。行李：1、依旧是45升的包包，几件衣服，一个大围巾、睡袋，不再是简单洗漱用品了，因为欧洲物价贵，能带的都带齐了吧，当然有钱人可以自动忽略我说的。2、转换插头就带那种万能转换头就行，淘宝上十元左右，轻便实用。3、不用带卫生纸了，那种小包的纸巾带些就行，因为欧洲走到哪里都会有卫生纸，即使是大巴的卫生间都会有卫生纸，我带了两包卫生纸都没有派上用场。36楼 俄罗斯—圣彼得堡 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-53092793.html183楼 拉脱维亚—里加https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-53442553.html218楼 立陶宛—维尔纽斯https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-53580431.html250楼 波兰—华沙https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-53597685.html297楼 德国——柏林 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-53779008.html341楼 荷兰——阿姆斯特丹 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-54202792.html427楼 荷兰——鹿特丹 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-55214364.html471楼 比利时——布鲁塞尔 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-55279623.html526楼 德国——法兰克福 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-55392367.html628楼 捷克——布拉格 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-56146326.html692楼 奥地利——维也纳 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-56395186.html飞机上坐我旁边的妹子是在天津上学的莫斯科人，一聊才发现她认识好几个我的朋友，包括已经回白俄的两个好朋友！下飞机她带我去找ATM机取现。ATM就在电梯的右手边，百事可乐的旁边。ATM是全俄文操作，没有英文，妹子全程帮助我搞定，先去了3000卢布。妹子的父亲来接她，约好回津喝一杯。沿着有这个指示的志，去坐火车前往莫斯科市中心。最快捷的购票方法就是机器自助购票，看到很多人排队的地方，就是购票点了。机器购票非常的快捷方便，有中文操作界面。这个就是车票，进站的时候扫描上面的条码。如果不会机器购票，也有人工售票的，不过要排队。机场快线还是挺高大上的！火车上有可以放行李的架子。下了火车就要倒地铁，莫斯科的地铁站我很无语，因为没有做功课，还是照大众地铁站去找地铁站，结果绕了好几圈，几次从地铁站前经过都不知道那个就是地铁站，一直认为那是一家公司或商场什么的。卖地铁票的基本上都是俄罗斯大妈，不要指望她们能听懂你说英文，所以第一次买票又是一个好心妹子的帮忙，在俄罗斯的期间，经常被妹子帮忙！莫斯科地铁票40卢布我去俄罗斯之前联系的沙发主，和她约定在地铁站见面，因为这个地铁站只有一个出口。同时来的还有沙发主的另外两个沙发客，其中一个是阿根廷人，准备从莫斯科坐火车去北京，哈哈。在背包的时候不小心把腰扭了，当时就不能动了，疼的要命，到了沙发主家放下行李就躺着了，他们晚上出去喝酒我也没跟着去，实在是太疼，微信联系国内的好友求助怎么快速治疗扭伤。这是我在俄罗斯的第一个沙发主这个是她家 晚上睡床的睡床，睡地的睡地，我睡的沙发 7月10日今天沙发主第一个出门上班了，一个沙发客也早早出门见朋友去了，阿根廷的小伙在收拾行李，今天他就要去坐火车了。我因为腰扭了，也没打算出去转悠，而且一下不能适应莫斯科的天气，这真不是夏天的温度，还是那句话，不做功课冻死人啊，谁知道欧洲的夏天如此凉快。我这次出门只带了一件长袖，这件长袖一直穿到了巴黎，呵呵！因为家门钥匙留给了我，所以要等阿根廷的小哥走后我才能出门， 沙发就是这样往往刚开始熟悉就要说再见了。记住这个土耳其烤肉吧，全欧洲最便宜有管饱的食物了，有菜有肉有干粮。整个欧洲行吃的最多的就是它了。但是各国的口味都不太一样。这一天就是在沙发主家附近转悠转悠，缓解一下背部疼痛，不过我朋友告诉我的方法还挺管用，扭到腰及时按这种方法运动，基本上有两天就好了。还跟我沙发主说今天逛了几个公园，她就说那你走了很远啊，我说没有啊，就在你家附近，她说我家附近没有公园。然后我才知道人家所谓的公园基本上就是一片森林了，像这种的草地那就是街边的绿化带。 沙发主住的位置相当于北京的四环，但比四环贵多了。俄罗斯就是这样，只有莫斯科和圣彼得堡的收入高、消费贵，其他的地方都穷的要死，如果能适应莫斯科的消费，那么到了西欧也不会被高消费吓到。这次比萨基本上都是用手机拍的照片，所以有时画面不清晰或有些抖，请大家不要介意。进屋发现门口的招财猫，原来沙发主去过中国不少地方。我这位沙发主周五就要出城去度周末，所以联系了另外一个沙发主，今天去他家住。这个沙发主离现在的沙发主家不远地铁两站就到了，走路的话20分钟。这是我在莫斯科的第二个沙发主家，沙发主是个IT工程师，他把他的卧室让给我睡，他睡在客厅。看看就知道了，卧室除了有这么一个吓人的模型，就什么都没有了，客厅至少还有电视、电脑等各种娱乐设备。卧室客厅厨房 俄罗斯人大都很严肃，应该说大部分东欧的人都是不爱笑的。我这个沙发主就是，所以搞得我也不是很爱说话了，之后他给我的评价就是安静又冷静的女生，呵呵。沙发主家的窗外我觉得自己特别二，明明看见晚上有雨，气温这么低，结果第二天还穿着人字拖出去，二到家了。7月11日今天真是难忘的一天啊，比萨最爱穿的就是人字拖了，今天也是穿的它，结果把姐都冻傻了！真的不知道为什么一夜之间气温就降到如此之低。早上出门的时候，沙发主已经穿上卫衣、夹克了，我在屋子里面没感觉啊，依旧穿着人字拖出去了，结果走了一段路后就开始后悔为什么不穿球鞋，可是也不能回去了啊，沙发主要去上班，不能耽误人家工作。关键是这个沙发主不给家门钥匙。他把我送到了红场，自己再坐地铁去上班。地铁里有卖面包的，买了两个当早点，然后开始今年夏天最冷的一日游。一出地铁就是这个样子的。拍照的时候认识了一个西班牙的小哥，他住在马德里要去泰国度假，在莫斯科转机。俄航在欧洲是性价比较高的航空公司，大多数欧洲人穷游旅行亚洲会选择俄航。小伙有10个小时的转机时间就来红场转悠。这是克林姆林宫的外墙如果我说这个莫斯科著名的建筑物，经常出现在封面、明信片的教堂我不知道叫什么名字，不会有人笑话我吧。整个莫斯科我唯一能叫出名字的就是克林姆林宫和红场，呵呵。和西班牙小哥合个影看看今天的气温，姐感觉又回到冬天了。西班牙小哥也是从温暖的南欧飞来，准备飞去炎热的泰国，衣服也是没有多少，同样冻得不行，我们完全没有心情去看什么克林姆林宫了，决定找个暖和的地方喝一杯。克林姆林宫前的喷泉找了家餐厅能喝酒能上网的中午的时候，小哥说要吃一顿俄罗斯的传统菜，其实就是烤肉、牛排什么的，在我感觉这个欧洲的菜都是一个口味的。然后我们就一路走一路问，想找一家地道的俄餐厅俄罗斯人得英语真是不敢恭维，问了无数人才遇见一个哥们儿英语非常好，给我们指了一条正确的路，找到一家地道的俄餐厅。坐我们旁边的是几个中国人，他们都在莫斯科呆了很多年了，这次正好是陪从国内来这边的一个领导出来玩，他们说我们还是很会挑餐厅的。幸亏有他们，不然全俄文的菜单还真看不懂，主菜我要的牛肉539卢布，可真不便宜，不过看着挺小一块，但是我一个人吃还是有点多。传说中的红菜汤传说中的格瓦斯路上会有这种路，按着指示可以找到最近的银行，虽然看不懂俄文，但是数字几百米还是看的懂的。这家银行有银联示可以使用银联取现。晚上需要我沙发主帮我买火车票，所以先取些现金。我有个不好的毛病就是很粗心，这个在国内还好办，但是这次因为粗心可是闹了不少笑话。这次取钱看也不看就在那里按下一步下一步，结果取了一把百元钞票。还好银行的人好说话，给我换成了千元大钞便于携带。 西班牙小哥吃完午饭就回机场了，取完钱已经下午4点了，气温也在慢慢回升，溜达一会就找个地方坐了。莫斯科的地铁全部是俄文，没有英文。如果不懂俄文，最好是提前知道要去的站名，然后对照字母找到几号线和方向，还是比较容易的，不过报站就完全听不懂了。换乘的时候注意脚下，上面会有数字沿着方向走就可以找到换乘线路莫斯科的地铁非常的深，大约要2-3分钟才能到达底部对照字母可以找到乘车方向莫斯科的夏天几乎没有黑夜，晚上11点多感觉像是黄昏，然后早上3点多天又亮了7月12日这一路上住了很多沙发，只有两个沙发主临时改变日程，其中一个就是这位莫斯科的，说好了住到周日，结果周六人家告诉我要和家人出城度周末，所以要早早起床。我赶紧联系圣彼得堡的沙发主，告诉他要提前一天到。车票买的是最便宜的，普通硬座，不过上车才发现是卧铺车厢改的，完全可以躺上去。下午的火车，但是一大早就要跟沙发主出门，把我送到地铁站，不到9点就到火车站了。早点又吃的这个这是火车站周围([]
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季昆达Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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